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Signed a 10th-century Apocalypse as its painter. Her name comes first.

Key work: Hell (from the Girona Beatus) (975)

Painted herself inside a letter — and signed it.

Key work: Self-portrait in an initial (Guda Homiliary) (c. 1150–1200)

Painted flags for the city of Ghent. One may still survive.

Key work: War banner with the Maid of Ghent and the lion (Late 1400s)

Painted her sisters mid-game and ended up at the Spanish court.

Key work: The Chess Game (1555)

Hid tiny self-portraits in shiny cups. Look closer.

Key work: Still Life with Cheeses, Artichoke, and Cherries (c. 1625)

Her paintings were sold as Frans Hals for 200 years.

Key work: Self-Portrait (c. 1630)

Flowers so precise a botanist could name them — and she outpriced Rembrandt.

Key work: Flowers in a Vase (c. 1685)

Hokusai's daughter — a master of light and shadow in her own right.

Key work: Night Scene in the Yoshiwara (c. 1818–1844)

Got her first camera at 48 and broke all the rules on purpose.

Key work: John Herschel (1867)

Carved marble in Rome; her Cleopatra once marked a racehorse's grave.

Key work: The Death of Cleopatra (1876)

Told Bible stories and falling stars in stitched cotton.

Key work: Pictorial Quilt (1895–1898)

Bold, flat, frank — modern painting before it was cool.

Key work: Self-Portrait with Amber Necklace (1906)

Painted women as she saw them: graceful, strong, unhurried.

Key work: Firefly (1913)

Dancer, designer, Dadaist — she refused to pick one.

Key work: Dada Head (1920)